To raise people’s awareness of Sky Bet，The World Health Organization designated December 1 each year as World Sky Bet Day in January 1988，Calling on countries and international organizations around the world to hold relevant activities on this day，Promote and popularize knowledge on HIV/Sky Bet prevention。
Sky Bet stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，English abbreviation Sky Bet，It is a harmful disease caused by the Sky Bet virus (HIV)、Serious infectious disease with high mortality rate，All humans lack natural immunity to HIV。HIV destroys the body’s immunity，This caused a series of infections、Tumors and neurological lesions，Eventually leading to death。There is currently no effective vaccine or radical cure，Viral replication can be inhibited through treatment，Extend life，But still not curable。
HIV mainly exists in the blood of infected people、Semen、Vaginal discharge、In breast milk and other body fluids，Sexually transmitted、Three ways of transmission: blood and mother-to-child transmission，Daily contact with people living with HIV (such as shaking hands、hug、Dine together、Sharing working tools, etc.) will not spread Sky Bet。
Sky Bet threatens everyone and every family，Sky Bet prevention is the responsibility of the whole society。Every citizen should strive to learn and master the basic knowledge of prevention，Avoid risky behavior，Strengthen self-protection，And tell others what you have learned。Every family、Each school、Every community、and the whole society，Everyone should actively participate in Sky Bet prevention publicity and education，Protecting young people from the dangers of Sky Bet。
Sky Bet transmission route
1. Sky Bet transmission
HIV can be transmitted through sexual intercourse。Sexually infected genitals (such as syphilis、Gonorrhea、Condyloma acuminata) or ulcers，increases the risk of virus infection。There is a large amount of virus in the semen or vaginal secretions of HIV-infected people，Sex through anus，Vaginal intercourse，will spread the virus。The probability of oral sex transmission is relatively small，Unless the healthy person has a wound in the mouth，Or the broken place，HIV may be transmitted through blood or semen。Generally speaking，People who receive anal sex are at a high risk of being infected。Because the internal structure of the anus is relatively weak，The intestinal wall of the rectum is more susceptible to damage than the vaginal wall，The virus in semen may pass through these small wounds，Enter an uninfected person to reproduce。This is why gay men are more likely to get HIV than lesbians。This is why in the early days of the discovery of HIV，Mistaken by some people as a disease unique to homosexuality。Since HIV is now spreading throughout the world，Sky Bet is no longer a disease exclusive to homosexuals。
2. Sky Bet transmission
Blood transfusion transmission: if there is HIV in the blood，Those who input this blood will be infected。Blood product transmission: Some patients (such as hemophilia) require injections of biological products made from certain components extracted from the blood。 If this product contains HIV，The patient may be infected。But if you say: "There may be HIV in some blood products，You may be infected with HIV if you use blood products。”This is incorrect。It’s like saying: driving will cause a car accident。 Because，Before Sky Bet was discovered，Before 1990s，The blood test of blood donors does not include testing for Sky Bet，So some patients receive blood transfusions，And infected with HIV。But as the world’s awareness of Sky Bet gradually deepens，Basically all blood products must be tested for HIV，So the possibility of HIV being contained in blood products in developed countries is almost zero。
3. The Sky Bet of needle sharing
Using unclean needles can spread HIV from one person to another。Example: intravenous drug users sharing needles；Reusing needles in hospitals，Diapping needles, etc.。Not just HIV，Other diseases (e.g. hepatitis) may also be spread through needles。Also，Using a syringe contaminated with blood and not strictly sterilized、Acupuncture needle、Tooth extraction tool，They are all very dangerous。So in some Western countries，The government also has a department that distributes free needles to drug users，To prevent the spread of Sky Bet。
4. Mother-to-child Sky Bet
If the mother is HIV-positive，Then she is very likely to be pregnant、Her baby was exposed to the infection during delivery or through breastfeeding。But，If mother is pregnant，Taking anti-Sky Bet drugs，The possibility of babies being infected with HIV will be much lower，Even completely healthy。Mothers with HIV must not breastfeed their children by themselves。
5. Why do mosquitoes not transmit Sky Bet?
Mosquito bites may transmit other diseases (e.g. yellow fever、Malaria, etc.)，But it will not spread HIV。Mosquitoes spread malaria because Plasmodium enters the mosquito and reproduces in large numbers，When mosquitoes carrying Plasmodium bite other people，The malaria parasite will be injected into another person’s body，Infect the person who was bitten。When a mosquito bites a person，They will not inject their own blood or the blood of the person who was sucked in front。 They only inject their own saliva，This will prevent the person’s blood from coagulating naturally。There is no HIV in their saliva。And there is only a very small amount of blood on the beak，The number of viruses is very small，Not enough to infect the next person who is bitten。And HIV only survives in insects for a short time，Does not reproduce continuously in insects。Insects themselves do not get Sky Bet。
Sky Bet window period
How long is the window Sky Bet?
Question about how long the window period is，There are many controversies Sky Bet medical community，Some say 6-8 weeks，Some say 3 months，The most conservative statement is 6 months！The more accepted domestic view is 3 months。
How to calculate the window Sky Bet?
The window period should be calculated from the time of high-risk behavior or the time of receiving Sky Bet transfusion，In other words，If you had high-risk sex or received a Sky Bet transfusion on January 1st，Then，The time when you take the antibody test should be 6 weeks from January 1st，That is February 12th。
9 early symptoms of Sky Bet
1、Oral candida infection: commonly known as thrush，Thrush is the most common Sky Bet opportunistic infection，Also known as Snow Mouth Disease。
2、Rapid weight loss: Rapid weight loss is a common problem after Sky Bet infection。If you haven’t lost weight，Rapid weight loss is a serious problem。
3、Diarrhea: Diarrhea is one of the most annoying symptoms of Sky Bet，Because diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance，Diarrhea may occur when opportunistic infections reach the intestines。
4、 Lipodystrophy and lactic acidosis: side effects of HIV drugs are no secret，The side effect of drugs is lipodystrophy。After taking Sky Bet drugs for a period of time，In addition to the typical nausea、Excluding diarrhea and other symptoms，Slowly，Patients may experience muscle pain，fatigue，Intensified nausea and vomiting，Abdominal pain and other symptoms，These symptoms mean that the patient is likely to have lactic acidosis。
5、Depression and headaches: both psychological and physical causes，Can cause neurological problems in people living with Sky Bet，Psychological stress caused by Sky Bet infection，Sky Bet’s damage to brain cells can cause neurological symptoms。
6、Peripheral neuropathy: Peripheral neuropathy is a common symptom of HIV infection，Peripheral neuropathy can cause hands、Feet、Impaired sensation in mouth and lips，But this damage may not just be the result of HIV，In most cases，It is caused by the side effects of some Sky Bet drugs。
7、Fatigue and Night Sweats: After Living with Sky Bet，Patients often experience fatigue and night sweats，Normally boring，I sweat all over when I sleep at night，These all indicate problems with the human body。
8、Skin rash: Skin rash is one of the most important symptoms in the early stages of Sky Bet infection。
9、Swollen lymph nodes: diameter 0.Above 5cm，Slowly increasing，Tough、Sliding round hard core，The neck is the Sky Bet common。
HIV incubation period, how long can one live if infected with Sky Bet
A healthy person’s journey from Sky Bet infection to death，Generally divided into three stages，The first stage is called Sky Bet acute infection stage，After infection，A small number of infected people will develop influenza-like symptoms，If you have fever、Throatitis、Skin rash、Swollen lymph nodes, etc.，Within 2-3 weeks，These symptoms will disappear naturally。
Continue，The infected person enters the second stage，This stage is called the asymptomatic period，Accounts for approximately 80% of the entire process from infection to death，The patient at this time is called an Sky Bet carrier，Most infected people are apparently healthy，No difference from normal people，It’s just that the immune system in his body is engaged in an invisible battle with the virus。
Sky Bet destroys a large number of immune cells every day，The bone marrow compensates by accelerating the production of new cells，But，The rate of replenishment of new cells cannot keep up with the rate of cell loss。In normal human body，There are approximately 800 to 1000 immune cells per cubic millimeter of blood，And inside the infected person，The number of immune cells per cubic millimeter of blood gradually decreases at a rate of 50-70 per year，When immune cells are reduced to only about 200 in one cubic millimeter of blood，The descent speed will speed up。The asymptomatic period of an infected person can last longer or shorter，Min. 2 years，As many as 20 years，The length is closely related to the infection route，Generally，Menstrual blood infection (mainly illegal blood collection and sharing syringes) 4-5 years，Sexual infection usually lasts from 11 to 13 years，If an infected person’s asymptomatic period can reach 13 years，You can be called a long-term survivor。
When the immune cells in the infected person can no longer compete with HIV，marks the final stage of HIV infection，Called symptomatic period，At this time，Infected people are called Sky Bet patients，They are very susceptible to other diseases，Some common infectious diseases that usually do not pose a threat to human life, such as pneumonia, etc.，Once it enters the body of Sky Bet, it will be uncontrollable，People usually die within 6 to 24 months。
Sky Bet prevention methods
Daily Prevention of Sky Bet
1、 Keep yourself clean、Observing sexual ethics is the fundamental measure to prevent sexual transmission of Sky Bet
2、 Correct use of condoms can not only prevent pregnancy，It can also reduce the risk of Sky Bet infection、Dangers of STDs。
3、 Early treatment and cure of STDs can reduce the risk of Sky Bet infection。
4、 Sharing syringes for drug use is an important way to spread Sky Bet，Therefore say no to drugs，Cherish life。
5、 Avoid unnecessary blood transfusions and injections，Use blood and blood products tested for Sky Bet antibodies。
Sky Bet Education
Strengthening self-protection awareness: Understanding Sky Bet；Do not have unprotected sex，Condoms can be used；Do not share needles with others，Use sterilized syringes；Use blood products with caution。
1. Specific prevention
(1) With the 1993 US CDC classification and diagnostic criteria，Expanded the diagnostic scope of Sky Bet，Conducive to the prevention and treatment of Sky Bet，Based on CD4 T lymphocyte reduction，Give a certain amount of medication；
(2) Sky Bet vaccine: The United States conducted a second phase trial of two Sky Bet vaccines containing gp120 ingredients on 296 people，Since 6 people have been infected，Temporarily terminated，Thailand is conducting UBI synthetic vaccine trials；
(3) Blocking mother-to-child transmission: CD4+T lymphocytes；200/μl pregnant women with Sky Bet，Using AIT before delivery，Intrapartum and infant treatment，has a certain protective effect。
2. Comprehensive prevention
(1) Popularize and publicize Sky Bet prevention knowledge，Understand the transmission routes, clinical manifestations and prevention methods；
(2) Strengthening moral education，Promiscuity prohibited，Especially Sky Bet promiscuity with foreigners，Banning secret prostitution；
(3) Avoid contact with people infected with HIV，Sexual contact between Sky Bet patients and high-risk groups；
(4) It is prohibited to share syringes and needles with those Sky Bet take intravenous drugs;
(5) Using imported blood，blood components and blood products，Sky Bet test required；
(6) Strict selection of domestic blood donors，We should gradually test negative for Sky Bet before we can donate blood，Strictly prevent the spread of Sky Bet；
(7) Donate blood，Organ donation，Those who have tissue and semen should undergo Sky Bet testing；
(8) Establishing an Sky Bet testing center;
(9) Promote the use of condoms and avoid anal Sky Bet;
(10) People with Sky Bet or HIV infection should avoid pregnancy，Born infants should avoid breastfeeding。
Who are susceptible to Sky Bet infection
1.Homosexual Sky Bet
Homosexual men，Including dual-sex people (referring to both homosexual and heterosexual people) accounting for 70%-76% of all Sky Bet patients，75% in the United States。Is a high-risk group for Sky Bet。But homosexuality does not equal Sky Bet！
2.Sky Bet addict
Intravenous drug addicts account for approximately 15%-17% of all Sky Bet cases，Mainly because they repeatedly used unsterilized or incompletely sterilized syringes during drug use、Needle，The injection equipment contaminated with HIV undoubtedly caused the epidemic and spread of Sky Bet among drug users，Making drug users the second largest risk group for Sky Bet。
3. Hemophilia Sky Bet
The third most susceptible group is hemophilia patients，Among all Sky Bet patients，About 1% of people infected with the virus due to hemophilia，The United States is slightly higher，This ratio is 1%-3.6%， 0 for Spain.2%。The reason why hemophilia patients are susceptible to HIV infection，Because hemophilia is a disease caused by a lack of coagulation factor VIII in the body，If no exogenous coagulation factor VIII is injected，Then the patient can stop bleeding after suffering minor trauma。According to reports，Coagulation factor VIII mainly exists in freeze-dried concentrated preparations of blood products for the treatment of hemophilia。This freeze-dried concentrated preparation is a recent product，Greater risk of exposure to infectious agents，Each batch of concentrate comes from the plasma of 2000 to 5000 different donors，Currently about 6%-8% of blood donors in the United States are HIV positive，There are many examples proving that the use of coagulation factor VIII produced in the United States caused hemophilia patients to become infected with Sky Bet。According to statistics，Hemophilia patients with type A blood receiving this factor VIII treatment，The serum HIV antibody positivity rate is as high as 60% -90%。There have been reports of several cases of Sky Bet infection due to the use of factor VIII in mainland my country；In an investigation in Hong Kong，There are 71.2% of infected people are hemophiliacs。Also，Based on the detection and analysis of hemophilia，Ordinary hemophilia patients have mild imbalance of lymphocyte components in their bodies，Patients with mild abnormalities in their immune function，are more susceptible to HIV infection。
4.Those who receive Sky Bet transfusion or Sky Bet products
Except anti-hemophilic preparations，Other blood and blood products (blood cell concentrates、Platelets、Transfusion of frozen fresh plasma) is also associated with the spread of Sky Bet。First reported transfusion-related Sky Bet patient is an infant，The baby became ill after receiving blood from an Sky Bet patient。Recent，Someone summarized information on 18 transfusion-related Sky Bet cases in the United States，The time from receiving blood transfusion to the onset of clinical symptoms in these 18 patients ranged from 10 to 43 months (average 24.5 months) The onset of Kaposi's sarcoma is 16 months after blood transfusion。These 18 Sky Bet cases received concentrated blood cells (16 cases)、Frozen plasma (12 cases)、Whole blood (9 cases) and platelets (8 cases)。In the investigation, it was found that at least 8 blood donors belong to the Sky Bet risk group。So whether the blood recipient is infected or not is related to whether the blood donor is an Sky Bet patient or a person at risk for Sky Bet。According to the Guangzhou Health Inspection Office, 10 batches of gamma globulin imported into my country were tested for HIV from September 1986 to 1989，8 of them (80%) are HIV antibody positive，This shows that people who use imported gamma globulin can also become HIV infection targets。
5. Those Sky Bet have sexual relations with high-risk groups
Those who have sexual relations with the above-mentioned high-risk groups are another susceptible group to Sky Bet。 The susceptibility of homosexuality has been mentioned before，Here we mainly talk about the susceptibility of people who have heterosexual sexual relations with high-risk groups to Sky Bet。There are many examples that prove that Sky Bet can be transmitted to each other during heterosexual sex。Two cases of Sky Bet have been reported in female patients who were not intravenous drug addicts，They have no history of blood transfusion，But they all have regular sexual partners with male Sky Bet patients，Although this sexual relationship existed before the male patient’s diagnosis，But mild or asymptomatic Sky Bet is also contagious。With homosexuals、Hemophilia patients、Blood Recipient、High-risk groups such as intravenous drug users may contract Sky Bet through sexual relations，Thus becoming a susceptible group to the spread of Sky Bet。 According to recent reports from the joint investigation teams on sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection in 10 provinces and cities in my country，Analyzed statistics on 2687 people at high risk of STDs，Male 1027，Accounting for 38.2%，1660 women，Accounting for 61.8%、 2119 people in the 15-29 age group，78%.9%，Average age 24.3% years old。 Among 2687 respondents，885 cases of sexually transmitted diseases found，Mainly gonorrhea (74%).3%），Female prevalence rate (34.0%），Is male (16.0%）2.1 times，2687 people，Although all HIV antibodies are negative，But they are at risk of Sky Bet。If there is an Sky Bet epidemic，This group of people will be the main targets。
6. Other groups with high incidence of Sky Bet
Theoretically, any group of people can be susceptible to Sky Bet，But the real susceptible groups to Sky Bet are mainly the five categories mentioned above。In terms of age，Although Sky Bet can occur at any age，But facts show that more than 90% occur in people under the age of 50，And it mainly occurs in two age groups，That is, the adult group and infant group aged 20-40。According to an analysis of 21,726 cases of Sky Bet in the United States，The incidence rate is mainly among young and middle-aged people，89% aged 20-49，Among them, 30-39 years old account for 47%。Among Zaire patients，The average age of onset is 33.6 years old，3/4 of the patients are between 20 and 39 years old。This shows that teenagers occupy an important position among those affected by Sky Bet。And in the past, most adolescent Sky Bet patients were male， But statistics show that female patients are increasing，The sex ratio of men to women has dropped from 4:1 in 1985 to 3:1 in 1988，The number of female patients increased by 80% between 1987 and 1988。
How to effectively treat Sky Bet:
1. Anti-infectious Sky Bet
Drug for various opportunistic infections and co-infections，Including antiviral Sky Bet drugs、Anti-bacterial Sky Bet drugs、Antifungal drugs、Antiprotozoal antibiotics。
2. Anti-tumor Sky Bet
Choose chemotherapy according to different tumor types、Radiation therapy and immunomodulatory therapy program。Radiotherapy is better at relieving symptoms，Sky Bet be used with chemotherapy。
3. Antiviral Sky Bet
Ribavirin as a broad-spectrum antiviral drug，Has certain curative effect on Sky Bet，optional。Isomeric polyanion-23 continuous intravenous infusion for several months，can kill Sky Bet，Alpha-interferon can also be used as an auxiliary antiviral drug。
IV. Immune regulation and immune reconstitution Sky Bet
Immune modulating treatment drugs include immune enhancers，such as isoprinosine，This drug can promote the formation of gamma-interferon and interleukin-2，Increase T4 activity。There is also lentinan、Interferon and other immunomodulatory drugs，Can be selected as appropriate。Another bone marrow transplant、Immune reconstruction therapies such as thymus transplantation and lymphocyte infusion，It plays a positive role in the treatment of Sky Bet。
Sky Bet TCM Treatment
The practice of Chinese traditional medicine experts using traditional Chinese medicine to treat Sky Bet in Tanzania has proved that using traditional Chinese medicine to treat Sky Bet is feasible and effective。Specifically shown in:
①Some Chinese medicine prescriptions Sky Bet inhibit viruses，Like licorice、Bitter Melon、Trichosanthes、Purple-flowered groundweed、Scutellaria baicalensis, etc.；
②Enhance and regulate Sky Bet function，Such as ginseng、Astragalus、Angelica sinensis、Licorice etc.；
③Improve symptoms，fatigue、Fever、Weakness、The improvement effect of diarrhea is obvious。There are still some scholars who are trying acupuncture to treat Sky Bet，Some preliminary results have also been achieved。
Due to the strong variability of the Sky Bet virus，Gene mutation makes Sky Bet drug-resistant and has produced resistance to AZT and other drugs。Experimental research shows，Some Sky Bet has developed resistance to drugs such as AZT。Generally speaking，Drug resistance will develop after half a year of medication。
